Datasheet ATtiny28L, ATtiny28V (Atmel) - 4

Architectural
The fast-access register file concept contains 32 x 8-bit general-purpose working regis-
Overview
ters with a single clock cycle access time. This means that during one single clock cycle, one ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) operation is executed. Two operands are output from the register file, the operation is executed, and the result is stored back in the register file – in one clock cycle. Two of the 32 registers can be used as a 16-bit pointer for indirect memory access. This pointer is called the Z-pointer and can address the register file and the Flash program memory.
Figure 3.
The ATtiny28 AVR RISC Architecture Data Bus 8-bit 1K x 16 Program Status Control Program Counter and Test Registrers Flash Interrupts 32 x 8 Unit General Instruction Purpose 8-bit Register Registrers Timer/Counter Z Watchdog Instruction Timer Decoder Analog ALU Comparator Control Lines 20 I/O Lines The ALU supports arithmetic and logic functions between registers or between a con- stant and a register. Single register operations are also executed in the ALU. Figure 3 shows the ATtiny28 AVR RISC microcontroller architecture. The AVR uses a Harvard architecture concept – with separate memories and buses for program and data memo- ries. The program memory is accessed with a two-stage pipeline. While one instruction is being executed, the next instruction is pre-fetched from the program memory. This concept enables instructions to be executed every clock cycle. The program memory is reprogrammable Flash memory. With the relative jump and relative call instructions, the whole 1K address space is directly accessed. All AVR instructions have a single 16-bit word format, meaning that every program memory address contains a single 16-bit instruction. During interrupts and subroutine calls, the return address program counter (PC) is stored on the stack. The stack is a 3-level-deep hardware stack dedicated for subrou- tines and interrupts. The I/O memory space contains 64 addresses for CPU peripheral functions such as Control Registers, Timer/Counters and other I/O functions. The memory spaces in the AVR architecture are all linear and regular memory maps. A flexible interrupt module has its control registers in the I/O space with an additional global interrupt enable bit in the status register. All the different interrupts have a sepa-
4 ATtiny28L/V
1062F–AVR–07/06 Document Outline Features Pin Configurations Description Block Diagram Pin Descriptions VCC GND Port A (PA3..PA0) Port B (PB7..PB0) Port D (PD7..PD0) XTAL1 XTAL2 RESET Architectural Overview ALU - Arithmetic Logic Unit Subroutine and Interrupt Hardware Stack General-purpose Register File Status Register Status Register - SREG System Clock and Clock Options Internal RC Oscillator Calibrated Internal RC Oscillator Crystal Oscillator External Clock External RC Oscillator Register Description Oscillator Calibration Register - OSCCAL Memories I/O Memory Program and Data Addressing Modes Register Direct, Single Register Rd Register Indirect Register Direct, Two Registers Rd and Rr I/O Direct Relative Program Addressing, RJMP and RCALL Constant Addressing Using the LPM Instruction Memory Access and Instruction Execution Timing Flash Program Memory Sleep Modes Idle Mode Power-down Mode System Control and Reset Reset Sources Power-on Reset External Reset Watchdog Reset Register Description MCU Control and Status Register - MCUCS Interrupts Reset and Interrupt Interrupt Handling Interrupt Response Time External Interrupt Low-level Input Interrupt Register Description Interrupt Control Register - ICR Interrupt Flag Register - IFR I/O Ports Port A Port A as General Digital I/O Alternate Function of PA2 Port A Schematics Port B Port B as General Digital Input Alternate Functions of Port B Port B Schematics Port D Port D as General Digital I/O Register Description Port A Data Register - PORTA Port A Control Register - PACR Port A Input Pins Address - PINA Port B Input Pins Address - PINB Port D Data Register - PORTD Port D Data Direction Register - DDRD Port D Input Pins Address - PIND Timer/Counter0 Timer/Counter Prescaler Register Description Timer/Counter0 Control Register - TCCR0 Timer Counter 0 - TCNT0 Watchdog Timer Register Description Watchdog Timer Control Register - WDTCR Hardware Modulator Register Description Modulation Control Register - MODCR Analog Comparator Register Description Analog Comparator Control and Status Register - ACSR Memory Programming Program Memory Lock Bits Fuse Bits Signature Bytes Calibration Byte Programming the Flash Parallel Programming Signal Names Enter Programming Mode Chip Erase Programming the Flash Reading the Flash Programming the Fuse Bits Programming the Lock Bits Reading the Fuse and Lock Bits Reading the Signature Bytes and Calibration Byte Parallel Programming Characteristics Electrical Characteristics Absolute Maximum Ratings DC Characteristics External Clock Drive Waveforms External Clock Drive Typical Characteristics Register Summary Instruction Set Summary Ordering Information Packaging Information 32A 28P3 32M1-A Errata All revisions Datasheet Revision History Rev - 01/06G Rev - 01/06G Rev - 03/05F Table of Contents